Strategic litigation, searchable.
45 cases across 14 issue areas. Filter by topic, outcome, or precedent strength. Each profile is a starting point for adaptation, not a finishing line.
- Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2026
CASE OF O.H. AND OTHERS v. SERBIA (no. 57185/17)
European Court of Human Rights judgment. Articles: 35, 35-3-a, P4-4, 3, 5, 5-1, 5-2, 5-4, 41, 37, 37-1, 37-1-a, 34. Conclusion: Remainder inadmissible (Art. 35) Admissibility criteria;(Art. 35-3-a) Manifestly ill-founded;Violation of Article 4 of Protocol No. 4 - Prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens - {general} (Artic.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Queensland, Australia· 2025· Various
Australia: Children Suffering Under Criminal Legal System
Youth justice
detention-conditionswatchhouse-detention - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2025
CASE OF H.Q. AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (no. 46084/21)
Whether the applicants' removal to Serbia by Hungary would constitute a prohibited collective expulsion and expose them to a real risk of treatment contrary to the absolute prohibition of torture.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Australia (National)· 2025· Productivity CommissionfavorableHigh precedentstatistical report
ROGS Youth Justice - Productivity Commission Annual
Annual national benchmarking: $644M nationally, 66% detention vs 30% community. 734 children detained. Indigenous 23x overrepresented.
datafundingyouth-justice - ACT, Australia· 2025· ACT Legislative AssemblyfavorableHigh precedentlegislative reform
ACT Raises Age of Criminal Responsibility to 14
First Australian jurisdiction to raise minimum age to 14 (July 2025). Evidence from health, neuroscience, and human rights.
age-of-responsibilityyouth-justice - Malta (ECHR)· 2024
J.B. and Others v. Malta - Migrant Minor Detention
ECHR found Malta violated Article 3 (inhuman treatment) and Article 5 (liberty) in detention of six Bangladeshi minors. Landmark ruling on child migrant detention standards.
article-3-violationasylumdetention-conditionsmigrant-childrenrefugee - Queensland, Australia· 2024· Queensland Parliamentadverselegislative reform
QLD Anti-Association Laws (Youth)
QLD introduced provisions allowing breach of bail for young people associating with co-offenders. Civil liberties groups challenge as effectively criminalising friendship.
civil-libertiestough-on-crimeyouth-justice - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2024favorable
CASE OF M.D. AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (no. 60778/19)
Whether the applicants' removal by Hungarian authorities constituted a collective expulsion of aliens in breach of the prohibition under Article 4 of Protocol No. 4
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2024
CASE OF SHEROV AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 54029/17)
Whether Poland complied with the Court's judgment by providing adequate information on measures to prevent new violations and by paying the compensation awarded.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Northern Territory, Australia· 2024· NT Legislative AssemblyadverseHigh precedentlegislative reform
NT Lowers Age of Criminal Responsibility Back to 10
NT CLP government reversed raise to 12, lowering back to 10. Contradicts Don Dale Royal Commission. Condemned by UN, medical bodies.
age-of-responsibilityregressionyouth-justice - Australia (National)· 2024· AIHWfavorablestatistical report
AIHW Youth Justice in Australia Annual Report
Annual statistical report: 4,300+ young people in youth justice on any given day. Aboriginal children 14x more likely under supervision. 85% male.
dataindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Western Australia, Australia· 2024· Various
Death in WA Youth Detention - Accountability Gaps
Youth justice
deaths-in-custodydetention-conditionsdisability - Western Australia, Australia· 2024investigation
Cleveland Dodd Death in Custody Investigation
CCC investigation into death of Cleveland Dodd, 16-year-old Aboriginal boy, first child to die in WA custody. Uncovered deeply concerning youth detention conditions.
death-in-custodydetention-conditionsfirst-nations-youth - Australia (National)· 2024· UN Human Rights Counciladverseinquiry
UN Special Rapporteur Visit to Australia — Detention Conditions (2024)
International inspection of Australian detention facilities
detention-conditionshuman-rightsinternationalun - Victoria, Australia· 2024· Victorian ParliamentfavorableHigh precedentlegislative reform
Victorian Youth Justice Act 2024 - Raising the Age
Victoria legislated to raise minimum age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 12 (2024), then to 14 by 2027. First state with phased raise-the-age approach.
age-of-responsibilityindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2024favorable
CASE OF M.A. AND Z.R. v. CYPRUS (no. 39090/20)
Whether Cyprus's expulsion of the applicants violated their rights under the prohibition of torture, the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens and the right to an effective remedy.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - South Australia, Australia· 2023· SA Training Centre Visitorpendinginspection report
SA Training Centre Visitor - Kurlana Tapa Reports
Independent oversight of Kurlana Tapa. Found Aboriginal overrepresentation (60%+), high safe room use, limited programs, staff burnout.
detention-conditionsindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Tasmania, Australia· 2023· Commission of InquirypendingHigh precedentcommission of inquiry
TAS Commission of Inquiry - Ashley Youth Detention
Investigation into historical child sexual abuse at Ashley Youth Detention Centre. Found decades of abuse. Led to commitment to close the facility.
child-sexual-abusedetention-abuseyouth-justice - New South Wales, Australia· 2023· NSW Inspector of Custodial Servicespendinginspection report
NSW Inspector of Custodial Services - Youth Justice
Inspections of NSW youth justice centres (Cobham, Reiby, Frank Baxter, Acmena). Found overcrowding, >50% Aboriginal children, inadequate programs.
detention-conditionsindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Western Australia, Australia· 2023· Inspector of Custodial ServicesadverseHigh precedentinspection report
WA Inspector Report - Unit 18 Casuarina
Inspection of Unit 18 at Casuarina adult prison where children were held. Found conditions breached international obligations and domestic law.
adult-prisondetention-conditionsindigenous-rightsyouth-justice