The Diagrama Model: A Transformative Approach to Youth Justice

The Diagrama model is a rehabilitation-focused, education-driven approach to youth justice that has significantly reduced recidivism and improved outcomes for young offenders in Spain. Unlike traditional punitive detention models, Diagrama prioritises therapeutic care, education, and vocational training to break cycles of reoffending and support successful reintegration into society.

How the Diagrama Model Works

Diagrama operates re-education centres across Spain, offering an individualised, community-centred approach to youth justice. These centres function differently from conventional detention facilities by integrating education, personal development, and community reintegration as core components.

Key aspects of the model include:

1. Therapeutic, Education-Focused Environments
   • Young people receive formal education (30+ hours per week) and vocational training.
   • Centres emphasise personal development through psychosocial support, counselling, and positive relationships with staff.
2. Highly Trained, Stable Staff
   • Staff members mentor rather than guard young people, fostering trust and personal growth.
   • Low staff turnover ensures continuity of care, leading to stronger, more positive relationships with residents.
3. Vocational Training & Employment Pathways
   • Young people develop practical skills in areas like horticulture, carpentry, arts, and digital skills.
   • More than 70% of young people leaving Diagrama facilities continue education or secure employment within six months​.
4. Holistic Support (Mental Health, Family, Substance Use)
   • Interventions are tailored to individual needs, addressing mental health challenges, substance abuse, and family relationships.
   • Family engagement is encouraged to support reintegration upon release.
5. A Structured, Incentive-Based System
   • A graduated autonomy system allows young people to earn more freedom and responsibilities as they demonstrate progress.
   • Rewards, rather than punishment, shape behaviour, fostering a positive, growth-oriented culture​Diagrama Impact on Youth.

Impact of the Diagrama Model

Diagrama’s outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of its rehabilitative approach, offering an alternative to punitive youth justice models.

✅ Dramatic Reduction in Recidivism

• Spain’s national recidivism rates range from 30-50% in traditional youth detention.
• Diagrama facilities report only 13.6% recidivism over six years, showcasing long-term behavioural change​Diagrama Impact on Youth.

✅ Cost-Effective

• Traditional youth detention in Australia costs approximately $1,500 per young person per day​
• Diagrama’s model is significantly more cost-efficient, with an estimated €3.80 return on every €1 invested over five years.

✅ Safer, More Supportive Environments

• Unlike traditional youth prisons that rely on security measures and confinement, Diagrama centres operate with minimal force and restraint.
• Young people feel safe and respected, which encourages meaningful rehabilitation​

✅ Stronger Community Reintegration

• 70%+ of young people leaving Diagrama’s centres successfully transition to education or employment within six months.
• Family and community engagement are built into the process, ensuring ongoing support post-release.​

Why Diagrama Works & How It Can Be Adapted

The Diagrama model is successful because it treats youth justice as a social, educational, and rehabilitative issue rather than a criminal one.

🔹 Youth are seen as capable of change – focusing on empowerment, personal growth, and skill-building rather than punishment.
🔹 Facilities are designed as "re-education centres," not punitive prisons, fostering respect and dignity.
🔹 Collaboration between justice, education, mental health, and social services ensures holistic support.

Potential for Implementation in Australia

Bringing the Diagrama model to Queensland or other Australian states could help reduce recidivism, cut costs, and provide young offenders with a real pathway to reintegration. A proposed pilot could focus on Indigenous-led adaptations, incorporating culturally responsive approaches and community leadership

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