Strategic litigation, searchable.
22 cases across 14 issue areas. Filter by topic, outcome, or precedent strength. Each profile is a starting point for adaptation, not a finishing line.
- Australia (National)· 2025· Productivity CommissionfavorableHigh precedentstatistical report
ROGS Youth Justice - Productivity Commission Annual
Annual national benchmarking: $644M nationally, 66% detention vs 30% community. 734 children detained. Indigenous 23x overrepresented.
datafundingyouth-justice - ACT, Australia· 2025· ACT Legislative AssemblyfavorableHigh precedentlegislative reform
ACT Raises Age of Criminal Responsibility to 14
First Australian jurisdiction to raise minimum age to 14 (July 2025). Evidence from health, neuroscience, and human rights.
age-of-responsibilityyouth-justice - Victoria, Australia· 2024· Victorian ParliamentfavorableHigh precedentlegislative reform
Victorian Youth Justice Act 2024 - Raising the Age
Victoria legislated to raise minimum age of criminal responsibility from 10 to 12 (2024), then to 14 by 2027. First state with phased raise-the-age approach.
age-of-responsibilityindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2024favorable
CASE OF M.D. AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (no. 60778/19)
Whether the applicants' removal by Hungarian authorities constituted a collective expulsion of aliens in breach of the prohibition under Article 4 of Protocol No. 4
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 4 prot 4 - Australia (National)· 2024· AIHWfavorablestatistical report
AIHW Youth Justice in Australia Annual Report
Annual statistical report: 4,300+ young people in youth justice on any given day. Aboriginal children 14x more likely under supervision. 85% male.
dataindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2024favorable
CASE OF M.A. AND Z.R. v. CYPRUS (no. 39090/20)
Whether Cyprus's expulsion of the applicants violated their rights under the prohibition of torture, the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens and the right to an effective remedy.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2023favorable
CASE OF S.S. AND OTHERS v. HUNGARY (no. 56417/19)
Whether the applicants' removal to Serbia would constitute a collective expulsion of aliens and expose them to a real risk of treatment contrary to the prohibition of torture.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2022· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF T.Z. AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 41764/17)
Whether Poland has taken effective measures to prevent further violations of the applicants' rights following the Court's earlier finding of a violation.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2022· European Court of Human RightsfavorableHigh precedent
CASE OF H.F. AND OTHERS v. FRANCE (no. 24384/19)
Whether the French authorities’ refusal to allow the applicants, who are French nationals, to return to France violated their right not to be expelled from their own country under Article 3 of Protocol No. 4.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2022· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF A.B. AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 42907/17)
Whether the applicants' removal to Belarus would expose them to treatment contrary to the prohibition of torture, and whether the removal constituted a collective expulsion of aliens in breach of the Protocol.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2022· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF A.I. AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 39028/17)
Whether Poland fulfilled its obligation to comply with final judgments by taking measures to avoid further violations and by paying the amounts awarded in the judgment.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2021· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF M.H. AND OTHERS v. CROATIA (no. 15670/18)
Whether the applicants' rights to life, protection from torture, liberty, freedom from collective expulsion, and access to the Court were violated.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2021· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF D.A. AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 51246/17)
Whether Poland has taken sufficient individual and general measures to prevent further violations and has paid the compensation ordered, thereby complying with its duty to abide by the Court’s judgment (Article 46).
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2021· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF SHAHZAD v. HUNGARY (no. 12625/17)
Whether the applicant’s removal by Hungary violated the prohibition of collective expulsion of aliens and denied him an effective remedy.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2021· European Court of Human RightsfavorableHigh precedent
CASE OF GEORGIA v. RUSSIA (II) (no. 38263/08)
Whether the Russian Federation breached its obligations under the European Convention on Human Rights by violating the applicants' rights to life, freedom from torture, liberty, private and family life, protection of property, and freedom of movement during the 2008 conflict.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2020· European Court of Human RightsfavorableHigh precedent
CASE OF M.K. AND OTHERS v. POLAND (no. 40503/17)
Whether the applicants' expulsion to a country where they faced a real risk of torture would breach the prohibition of torture, the right to an effective remedy, and the prohibition of collective expulsion.
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4 - Queensland, Australia· 2019· Queensland Governmentfavorablegovernment review
Queensland Youth Justice Strategy 2019-2023
Major overhaul of QLD youth justice. Four Pillars: Intervene Early, Keep Children Out of Court, Keep Children Out of Custody, Reduce Reoffending.
diversionearly-interventionyouth-justice - Australia (National)· 2018· Australian Law Reform CommissionfavorableHigh precedentreport
ALRC Report 133 - Pathways to Justice
Comprehensive inquiry into Aboriginal incarceration overrepresentation. Found justice reinvestment, Aboriginal-controlled sentencing, bail reform most effective.
indigenous-rightsjustice-reinvestmentyouth-justice - Northern Territory, Australia· 2017· Royal CommissionfavorableHigh precedentroyal commission
Royal Commission into Protection and Detention of Children in NT
Systematic abuse of children in youth detention including tear-gassing, hooding, restraint chairs, solitary confinement at Don Dale. Triggered by ABC Four Corners footage.
detention-conditionsindigenous-rightsyouth-justice - Council of Europe (ECtHR)· 2016· European Court of Human Rightsfavorable
CASE OF KHLAIFIA AND OTHERS v. ITALY (no. 16483/12)
Whether Italy's treatment and expulsion of the applicants violated their rights to freedom and security, prohibition of torture, and protection from collective expulsion of aliens
refugeeasylumnon-refoulementarticle 3article 4 prot 4